南北地震带地震震源机制解和现今应力特征     

崔子健  陈章立  王勤彩  李君 《地震》2019,39(1):1-10

基于CAP方法, 使用地震波形资料, 计算得到了2009年1月~2017年8月期间南北地震带及周边区域466个3.5级以上地震震源机制解。 在补充收集1976年1月~2017年8月GCMT公布的259个4.5级以上地震震源机制解的基础上, 分析了南北地震带地震震源机制解和应力特征。 震源机制空间分布显示, 不同断裂带、 块体间表现出不同的震源机制空间分布特征, 该特征与南北地震带不同段落活动构造性质基本吻合。 作为青藏高原东边界的南北地震带, 由于动力环境复杂, 其内部P轴方向具有明显的差异性。 这种差异主要表现为: 南北地震带北段P轴呈NE向分布; 龙门山断裂带及周边除NE段P轴取向为NW—NNW向外, 其他地段P轴近EW向; 川滇菱形块体内部P轴呈NNW向, 而其西边界以西呈NNE向, 东边界以东呈NW向, 应力方向转换带的与川滇菱形块体边界基本一致。 整体而言, 南北地震带及近邻P轴方向由北到南发生了顺时针转动。  相似文献   

地震计保温效能分析     

安全  翟浩  赵铁锁 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(2):131-134

为内蒙古自治区大沁塔拉地震台地震计安装保温罩，利用台基噪声计算软件，计算保温前后地震观测数据PSD概率密度函数，分析保温罩对地震计的效能，结果发现，保温罩安装后，地震计温度变化平稳，地震观测数据质量提高。  相似文献   

URANS investigation of the interaction between the free surface and a shallowly submerged underwater vehicle at steady drift     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

An axisymmetric underwater vehicle (UV) at a steady drift angle experiences the complex three-dimensional crossflow separation. This separation arises from the unfavorable circumferential pressure gradient developed from the windward side toward the leeward side. As is well known, the separated flow in the leeward side gives rise to the formation of a pair of vortices, which affects considerably the forces and moments acting on the UV. In this regard, the main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the role of the leeward vortical flow structure in the hydrodynamic behavior of a shallowly submerged UV at a moderate drift angle traveling beneath the free surface. Accordingly, the static drift tests are performed on the SUBOFF UV model using URANS equations coupled with a Reynolds stress turbulence model. The simulations are carried out in the commercial code STARCCM+ at a constant advance velocity based on Froude number equal to F_n = 0.512 over submergence depths and drift angles ranging from h = 1.1D to h = ∞ and from β = 0 to β = 18.11°, respectively. The validation of the numerical model is partially conducted by using the existing experimental data of the forces and moment acting on the totally submerged bare hull model. Significant interaction between the low-pressure region created by the leeward vortical flow structure and the free surface is observed. As a result of this interaction, the leeward vortical flow structure appears to be largely responsible for the behavior of the forces and moments exerted on a shallowly submerged UV at steady drift.  相似文献   

基于Bagging集成学习算法的地震事件性质识别分类   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

任涛  林梦楠  陈宏峰  王冉冉  李松威  刘晓雨  刘杰 《地球物理学报》2019,62(1):383-392

地震台网在监测地震的同时记录到的非天然震动事件会对后续的科研和预报工作造成较大的影响,因此快速准确的对天然震动事件与非天然震动事件加以区分就显得尤为重要.本文针对传统人工方法识别地震事件性质的不足之处,采用Bagging机器学习算法对地震事件性质进行区分.首先选取震中距范围在80～200km内的地震数据,之后采用AIC算法自动识别P波到时,进而用处理后的数据训练模型,最后使用测试数据对模型进行评估,准确率可达85%以上.因此,本文提出的方法可以有效地对天然震动事件与非天然震动事件加以区分.  相似文献   

南海东南部陆缘地壳结构特征及其构造意义          下载免费PDF全文

邱宁  姚永坚  张江阳  王利杰  徐东海 《地球物理学报》2019,62(7):2607-2621

南海东南部海域沉积厚度较大，礁体发育，构造演化复杂，导致深部结构探测不清楚，制约了对南部陆缘地壳结构的认识.本文通过对新采集和重新处理的多道地震剖面解释，结合钻井、拖网资料，对浅部地层和构造进行约束，同时利用附近海底地震（OBS）测线的速度结构，对深部结构和界面解释约束；在此基础上，开展了重震联合反演，分析地壳密度空间分布特征，结合重力梯度特征对构造单元进行识别.通过对东西两条测线的上下和全地壳厚度、拉伸因子比较，发现南海东南部的东西部深部结构存在差异性；礼乐断裂可能是礼乐和郑和地块的分界，并控制了两个地块在南海扩张时期的相对运动.  相似文献   

地中海直布罗陀海峡附近内孤立波的地球物理特征          下载免费PDF全文

孙绍箐  张锟  宋海斌 《地球物理学报》2019,62(7):2622-2632

本文主要利用地震海洋学方法研究地中海直布罗陀海峡附近内孤立波的结构特征，此处内孤立波为第一模态下沉型，为中幅度和大幅度内孤立波，垂向振幅最大可达74.5 m，振幅随深度增加呈增大趋势，传播速度随振幅增大而增大，可以确定"真"最大振幅位置位于密跃层附近.由于类多普勒效应和孤立波与测量船之间存在夹角的原因，从地震剖面上得到的为视半高宽参数，需要进行校正后才能得到比较真实的半高宽参数，校正后半高宽最高可达到1721.8 m，但是校正后的半高宽与理论结果有些差距，这可能与内孤立波的发育稳定程度有关.随着内孤立波包不断向东运动，整体波宽变大，垂向速度变小.本文将地震海洋学方法拓展应用于地中海区域内孤立波分析，进一步证明了利用地震海洋学方法研究海水运动的可行性.  相似文献   

从抗震设防类别探讨室内地震应急避难场所的选择   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

姜连艳 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(1):203-209

区分建筑物的抗震设防类别是进行抗震设计的前提和依据。本文针对当前我国室内地震应急避难场所认定面临的现有建筑的抗震安全性问题，根据不同版本的《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》和《建筑抗震设计规范》，对现有体育、会展、教育建筑等设计、施工时依据的抗震设防类别、标准、规范进行分析研究，以为室内地震应急避难场所的选择提供参考，从而推动室内地震应急避难场所的认定工作。  相似文献   

四川2015速度模型在九寨沟M_S7.0地震震源深度测定中的应用     

王同军  黄春梅  舒涛  戴应洪  甘利涛 《中国地震》2017,33(4):503-510

利用四川2015模型,选择Msdp嵌入的几种常用定位方法对九寨沟M_S7.0地震进行重新定位,比较震源深度结果,并用PTD方法验证合适的震源深度,从而得到较为可靠的震源深度。本文最终判定九寨沟M_S7.0地震震源深度为12±2km。  相似文献   

Feasibility of borehole ambient noise interferometry for permanent reservoir monitoring          下载免费PDF全文

M. Behm 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):563-580

The analysis of seismic ambient noise acquired during temporary or permanent microseismic monitoring campaigns (e.g., improved/enhanced oil recovery monitoring, surveillance of induced seismicity) is potentially well suited for time‐lapse studies based on seismic interferometry. No additional data acquisition required, ambient noise processing can be automatized to a high degree, and seismic interferometry is very sensitive to small medium changes. Thus there is an opportunity for detection and monitoring of velocity variations in a reservoir at negligible additional cost and effort. Data and results are presented from an ambient noise interferometry study applied to two wells in a producing oil field in Romania. Borehole microseismic monitoring on three component geophones was performed for four weeks, concurrent with a water‐flooding phase for improved oil recovery from a reservoir in ca. 1 km depth. Both low‐frequency (2 Hz–50 Hz) P‐ and S‐waves propagating through the vertical borehole arrays were reconstructed from ambient noise by the virtual source method. The obtained interferograms clearly indicate an origin of the ambient seismic energy from above the arrays, thus suggesting surface activities as sources. It is shown that ambient noise from time periods as short as 30 seconds is sufficient to obtain robust interferograms. Sonic log data confirm that the vertical and horizontal components comprise first arrivals of P‐wave and S‐waves, respectively. The consistency and high quality of the interferograms throughout the entire observation period further indicate that the high‐frequency part (up to 100 Hz) represents the scattered wave field. The temporal variation of apparent velocities based on first‐arrival times partly correlates with the water injection rate and occurrence of microseismic events. It is concluded that borehole ambient noise interferometry in production settings is a potentially useful method for permanent reservoir monitoring due to its high sensitivity and robustness.  相似文献   

Statistical facies classification from multiple seismic attributes: comparison between Bayesian classification and expectation–maximization method and application in petrophysical inversion          下载免费PDF全文

Dario Grana  Xiaozheng Lang  Wenting Wu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):544-562

We present here a comparison between two statistical methods for facies classifications: Bayesian classification and expectation–maximization method. The classification can be performed using multiple seismic attributes and can be extended from well logs to three‐dimensional volumes. In this work, we propose, for both methods, a sensitivity study to investigate the impact of the choice of seismic attributes used to condition the classification. In the second part, we integrate the facies classification in a Bayesian inversion setting for the estimation of continuous rock properties, such as porosity and lithological fractions, from the same set of seismic attributes. The advantage of the expectation–maximization method is that this algorithm does not require a training dataset, which is instead required in a traditional Bayesian classifier and still provides similar results. We show the application, comparison, and analysis of these methods in a real case study in the North Sea, where eight sedimentological facies have been defined. The facies classification is computed at the well location and compared with the sedimentological profile and then extended to the 3D reservoir model using up to 14 seismic attributes.  相似文献